A density functional theory study on the stability and ligand properties of the different substituted phenyl carbenes

In regard to the worldwide interest in synthesis and application of stable carbenes, DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31+G* levels) are employed to reach at a series of phenyl carbenes. The singlet-triplet energy separations (ΔES-T), HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (ΔEHOMO-LUMO), as well as philicity indices (N and ω) and basicity of these carbenes are compared and contrasted with the synthesized Nheterocyclic carbenes. The investigations reveal that F, Cl, Br, NMe2 and PMe2 stabilize singlet states more than their corresponding triplet states. The reactivity of the species is discussed in terms of nucleophilicity, electrophilicity and proton affinity. This detailed study offers new insights into the chemistry of these classes of carbenes.